{"id":5136,"date":"2026-10-08T16:58:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T14:58:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/?page_id=5136"},"modified":"2026-10-08T17:15:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T15:15:26","slug":"cocom-coordinating-committee-for-multilateral-export-controls","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/?page_id=5136","title":{"rendered":"CoCom (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VTKK, IBM 3090 VF ja CoCom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CoCom<\/strong> (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) oli kylm\u00e4n sodan aikana l\u00e4nsimaiden perustama vientivalvontaelin, jonka tarkoituksena oli est\u00e4\u00e4 strategisesti t\u00e4rke\u00e4n teknologian p\u00e4\u00e4tyminen Neuvostoliittoon, Varsovan liittoon ja muihin sosialistimaihin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Miksi CoCom perustettiin?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CoCom perustettiin vuonna 1949 Yhdysvaltojen aloitteesta. Sen teht\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4 oli rajoittaa sellaisten tuotteiden vienti\u00e4, joita voitiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sotateollisuudessa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ydinohjelmissa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tiedustelussa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kehittyneess\u00e4 tietojenk\u00e4sittelyss\u00e4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>avaruus- ja ohjusteknologiassa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mit\u00e4 tekemist\u00e4 sill\u00e4 oli tietokoneiden kanssa?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1980-luvulla tehokkaat tietokoneet olivat CoCom-valvonnan keskeinen kohde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esimerkiksi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IBM 3090 -suurkoneet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cray-superkoneet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vektoriprosessorit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kehittyneet ty\u00f6asemat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>puolijohdetekniikka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">olivat vientirajoitusten piiriss\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jos tietokoneen laskentateho ylitti CoCom-rajat, sen myynti\u00e4 it\u00e4blokkiin ei sallittu ilman erityislupaa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yhteys IBM 3090 VF:\u00e4\u00e4n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IBM 3090 Vector Facility (VF)<\/strong> oli juuri sellainen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4, jota CoCom piti strategisesti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vektorilaskentaa voitiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 esimerkiksi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ydinaseiden simulointiin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aerodynamiikan laskentaan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ohjusten suunnitteluun<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>s\u00e4\u00e4mallinnukseen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>salaukseen ja signaalitiedusteluun<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 3090 VF:n ja muiden vastaavien j\u00e4rjestelmien vienti Neuvostoliittoon oli eritt\u00e4in tarkasti valvottua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vaikutus Suomeen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suomi oli l\u00e4nsimaa mutta harjoitti id\u00e4nkauppaa. K\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4 Suomeen voitiin toimittaa tehokkaita IBM-j\u00e4rjestelmi\u00e4, mutta niiden edelleenvientiin Neuvostoliittoon liittyi CoCom-rajoituksia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1980-luvulla Suomessa k\u00e4ytetyt suurkoneet, kuten:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IBM 3090<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fujitsu M-sarja<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cray-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t CSC:ll\u00e4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">olivat kaikki tavalla tai toisella CoCom-s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyn piiriss\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CoComin loppu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neuvostoliiton hajottua CoCom lopetettiin vuonna 1994. Sen seuraajaksi tuli <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/?page_id=5147\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5147\">Wassenaar-j\u00e4rjestely (Wassenaar Arrangement)<\/a><\/strong>, joka edelleen valvoo kaksik\u00e4ytt\u00f6tuotteiden, kuten tehokkaiden tietokoneiden, elektroniikan ja tietoturvateknologian vienti\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VTKK:n n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">VTKK:n IBM 3090 VF:st\u00e4 kiinnostava historiallinen huomio on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IBM 3090-150VF kuului aikansa kaikkein tehokkaimpiin kaupallisiin tietokoneisiin. Sen vektoriprosessointiominaisuudet edustivat niin kehittynytt\u00e4 teknologiaa, ett\u00e4 vastaavat j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t olivat kylm\u00e4n sodan aikana kansainv\u00e4lisen CoCom-vientivalvonnan piiriss\u00e4. Tehokasta laskentakapasiteettia pidettiin strategisena resurssina, jolla oli merkityst\u00e4 sek\u00e4 tieteellisess\u00e4 tutkimuksessa ett\u00e4 sotilaallisissa sovelluksissa.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e4m\u00e4 asettaa VTKK:n IBM 3090 VF -j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n mielenkiintoiseen kansainv\u00e4liseen ja kylm\u00e4n sodan teknologiapoliittiseen kontekstiin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VTKK, IBM 3090 VF ja CoCom CoCom (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) oli kylm\u00e4n sodan aikana l\u00e4nsimaiden perustama vientivalvontaelin, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5136"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5156,"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5136\/revisions\/5156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtkkperinne.fi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}